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The longest-lasting empire of all time, it ruled over eastern Europe for over 1,000 years. The Orthodox extension of the Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire, expanded greatly through victorious crusades in the East and West. Their culture was shaped by Greek civilization, and their language was Greek. The Byzantines also preserved and copied classical manuscripts, and are considered the transmitters of classical knowledge.
The chess pieces were inspired by the Macedonian royal family, one of the greatest dynasties of the Byzantine Empire. This dynasty produced some of the most talented emperors in Byzantine history, such as Basil I 'the Macedonian' (king) and Leo VI, called 'the Wise' or Philosopher (knight). This period is a period of rebirth and renewal.